JLPT Levels Explained: N5 to N1 and Which One to Take
By the Kantan JLPT team · · 4 min read
Quick answer: The JLPT has five levels. N5 is the easiest (basic hiragana, katakana and about 100 kanji) and N1 is the hardest (near-fluent reading and listening). Each level is a separate test, so you can skip levels. Most learners should take the level they could pass in about two months, then prepare for four to six months.
This article is part of the complete JLPT guide. Once you've picked a level, use our JLPT study plan for every level to map out your preparation.
What is the JLPT?
The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is the most widely taken Japanese test for non-native speakers. Employers, universities and Japanese immigration programs use it as proof of your Japanese level. It's held twice a year in many countries, usually in July and December, though some test sites only offer one date.
The five JLPT levels at a glance
| Level | What you can do | Words (approx.) | Kanji (approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| N5 | Read simple sentences in hiragana, katakana and basic kanji. Follow slow, everyday conversations. | 700–800 | 80–100 |
| N4 | Handle basic daily conversations and short texts on familiar topics. | 1,500 | 300 |
| N3 | Read everyday material like notices and simple articles. Follow natural-speed daily conversations. | 3,700 | 650 |
| N2 | Read news articles and follow conversations at work or in lectures on general topics. | 6,000 | 1,000 |
| N1 | Read complex, abstract writing and follow conversations and lectures on almost any topic. | 10,000+ | 2,000+ |
There are no official JLPT vocabulary or kanji lists. These numbers are community estimates, which is why every textbook and app gives slightly different figures.
What does the JLPT test?
Every level tests three skills:
- Language knowledge: vocabulary (meanings, kanji readings, how words are used) and grammar.
- Reading: passages that range from short notes and emails at N5 to essays and opinion pieces at N1.
- Listening: conversations and announcements where you pick the best answer.
There's no speaking or writing section. Every question is multiple choice.
How long does it take to reach each level?
It depends on how much you study, but here's a realistic guide for English speakers studying about an hour a day:
- N5: 3–6 months from zero
- N4: 6–12 months from zero
- N3: 1.5–2 years from zero
- N2: 2.5–3.5 years from zero
- N1: 4+ years from zero
If you already know Chinese characters, the kanji-heavy levels (N2 and N1) usually go faster.
Which JLPT level should you take first?
Use this simple rule: take the level you could pass if the test were two months away. That leaves enough challenge to keep you motivated without setting you up to fail.
- Brand new to Japanese? Aim for N5. Learn hiragana and katakana first, then add about 10 new words a day.
- Finished a beginner textbook like Genki I? You're probably close to N4.
- Can follow a slice-of-life anime with Japanese subtitles? Try an N3 practice test.
- Need Japanese for a job or university in Japan? Many employers and schools ask for N2, so it's the most common career goal.
- Comfortable reading Japanese novels or news? N1 is your target.
The fastest way to know for sure is to take a timed practice test at the level you're considering.
Frequently asked questions
Do I have to pass N5 before taking N4?
No. Every level is its own test, and you can register for any level directly.
Is N1 harder than N2?
Yes, by a lot. N1 roughly doubles the vocabulary and kanji of N2, and its reading passages are longer and more abstract.
Which JLPT level do you need to work in Japan?
Most companies ask for N2 or higher. Some jobs in tourism, retail or IT accept N3, and Japan's Specified Skilled Worker visa generally requires N4 or an equivalent test.
Does the JLPT expire?
No. JLPT certificates don't expire, although some employers prefer a recent result.
Find your level with Kantan JLPT
Kantan JLPT has lessons, spaced-repetition review and timed mock tests for every level from N5 to N1. Take a mock test at the level you're aiming for, and the score estimate shows how close you are before you register. Next, learn how the JLPT is scored and what you need to pass.
JLPT details change from time to time. Always check the official JLPT website before you register.