JLPT N4 Grammar List: All 99 Patterns With Meanings and Examples
By the Kantan JLPT team · · 26 min read
Quick answer: JLPT N4 grammar fills out the Japanese verb system. You learn the potential, volitional, passive and causative forms, four ways to say "if," giving and receiving verbs, ways to guess and pass on what you heard, and the basics of polite keigo. Below are all 99 patterns in the Kantan JLPT N4 set, grouped by what they do, each with its meaning and an example sentence. There's no official JLPT grammar list, so other sources count and group N4 patterns a little differently, but these cover the grammar you need at this level.
This list assumes you know the basics in our JLPT N5 grammar list, especially the て-form, the ない form and the plain forms. If you want the big picture of how Japanese grammar works from N5 to N1, start with our guide to Japanese grammar for the JLPT.
The examples use kanji the way normal Japanese text does. You don't need to read every kanji yet; focus on the grammar. Our JLPT N4 kanji list covers the kanji for this level.
How is N4 grammar different from N5?
N5 grammar is about building basic sentences: particles, polite ます and です forms, adjective tenses and simple requests. N4 takes those pieces and adds three big things.
- New verb forms. The potential (can do), volitional (let's), ば conditional, passive, causative, causative-passive and command forms are all new. Each has its own rules for each verb group, so a solid grip on Japanese verb groups pays off here.
- Plain forms everywhere. Many N4 patterns attach to the plain form (食べる, 食べた, 食べない) rather than the ます form, and you'll see more casual speech in the listening section.
- Shades of meaning. N4 gives you several ways to say similar things: four conditionals, three ways to say "it seems," and three directions of giving. Exam questions often test exactly these differences.
N4 also introduces keigo, the honorific and humble language used at work and in shops. You mostly need to recognize it at this level, not produce it perfectly.
How do you say "can" in Japanese?
N4 has two main ways to say you can do something: the potential form (読める) and 〜ことができる, which is a little more formal. These patterns also cover things you can see or hear without trying, and abilities or habits that change over time.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜られる／〜える | can (do) / be able to (do) (potential form) | 私は 漢字が 少し 読めます。 I can read a little kanji. |
| 〜ことができる | can (do) / be able to (do) | この 図書館では 本を 五冊まで 借りる ことができます。 At this library, you can borrow up to five books. |
| 〜が見える／〜が聞こえる | can be seen / can be heard (naturally, without trying) | 部屋の 窓から 山が 見えます。 You can see the mountains from the window of my room. |
| 〜ようになる | come to (do) / start (doing) or become able to (do) over time | 毎日 練習して、少し 泳げる ようになりました。 I practiced every day and became able to swim a little. |
| 〜ようにする | make sure to (do) / try to (do) as a habit | 毎日 野菜を 食べる ようにしています。 I make a point of eating vegetables every day. |
How do you talk about plans and decisions?
The volitional form (行こう, 食べよう) is the casual "let's," and it's also the base for "I'm thinking of doing." The patterns with にする and ことにする describe your own choices, while ことになる describes decisions made for you or by circumstances.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜よう／〜おう | let's (do) (casual) / I'll (do) (deciding for yourself) | 疲れたね。ちょっと 休もう。 I'm tired. Let's take a short break. |
| 〜ようと思う | I'm thinking of (doing) / I think I'll (do) | 今年の 夏は 北海道へ 行こうと 思っています。 I'm thinking of going to Hokkaido this summer. |
| 〜予定だ | be scheduled to (do) / plan to (do) (a fixed arrangement) | 会議は 三時に 始まる 予定です。 The meeting is scheduled to start at three. |
| 〜ないつもりだ | intend not to (do) / don't plan to (do) | 今年の 夏休みは 国へ 帰らない つもりです。 I don't plan to go back to my country this summer vacation. |
| 〜にする | decide on / choose (something) | 私は 紅茶にします。 I'll have black tea. |
| 〜ことにする | decide to (do) | 来年から 日本の 会社で 働くことにしました。 I've decided to work for a Japanese company starting next year. |
| 〜ことになる | it has been decided that ~ / it turns out that ~ | 仕事で 来月 大阪へ 引っ越すことになりました。 I'm going to move to Osaka next month for work. |
How do you say "maybe," "seems" and "I heard"?
This is one of the most tested areas of N4. Japanese separates what you guess, what you can see, and what someone told you. Pay special attention to the two そうだ patterns: 降りそうだ (looks like it will rain) attaches to the verb stem, while 降るそうだ (I hear it will rain) attaches to the plain form.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜かもしれない | might / may / maybe | 午後は 雨が 降る かもしれません。 It might rain in the afternoon. |
| 〜だろう | probably / I suppose (plain form of でしょう) | 明日は 晴れる だろう。 It will probably be sunny tomorrow. |
| 〜はずだ | should (be) / is expected to (be), based on what you know | 荷物は 昨日 送ったから、明日には 着く はずです。 I sent the package yesterday, so it should arrive by tomorrow. |
| 〜はずがない | there's no way (that) ~ / ~ can't be true | 鈴木さんは 今 アメリカに いるから、ここに 来る はずがありません。 Ms. Suzuki is in America now, so there's no way she's coming here. |
| 〜そうだ (looks like) | looks (adjective) / looks like it's going to (do), judging by appearance | この ケーキは おいしそうですね。 This cake looks delicious. |
| 〜そうだ (I hear) | I hear (that) ~ / they say ~ (passing on information) | 天気予報によると、明日は 雪が 降る そうです。 According to the weather forecast, it's going to snow tomorrow. |
| 〜ようだ／〜みたいだ | it seems (that) ~ / it looks like ~ (from what you notice) | 誰か 来た ようです。外で 声が します。 It seems someone has come. I can hear a voice outside. |
| 〜らしい | apparently / it seems (that) ~ (based on what you heard or read) | 山田さんは 来月 会社を 辞める らしいです。 Apparently Mr. Yamada is leaving the company next month. |
| 〜によると | according to (a source) | 友達の 話によると、あの 喫茶店は 来月 なくなるらしいです。 According to my friend, that café is closing next month. |
How do you quote what someone said or thought?
The particle と marks what someone says, thinks or hears. In casual speech, って often replaces と or という. Questions inside a longer sentence use か, or かどうか for yes-or-no questions.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜と思う | I think (that) ~ | この 映画は 面白いと 思います。 I think this movie is interesting. |
| 〜と言う／〜と言っていた | say (that) ~ (someone) said (that) ~ | 母は 毎朝 「気をつけてね」と 言います。 Every morning my mother says, "Be careful." |
| 〜と聞く | hear (that) ~ (information someone told you) | 友達から、あの レストランは 安くて おいしいと 聞きました。 I heard from a friend that that restaurant is cheap and good. |
| 〜って | (someone) says ~ / I heard ~ / called ~ (casual quote) | 田中さんは 今日 来られないって。 Tanaka says she can't come today. |
| 〜という | called ~ / named ~ (a noun) that says ~ | 駅の 前に 「みどり」という 喫茶店が あります。 In front of the station, there is a café called Midori. |
| 〜か（どうか） | whether (or not) ~ (who / what / where ...) ~, inside a longer sentence | 明日の 試合が ある かどうか、まだ わかりません。 I don't know yet whether tomorrow's game will happen. |
| 〜か知っている／〜かわかる | know / understand (where, what, why, whether ...) | 郵便局が どこに あるか 知っていますか。 Do you know where the post office is? |
| 〜かな (I wonder) | I wonder ~ (casual, often said to oneself) | 山田さんは もう 家に 着いたかな。 I wonder if Yamada has gotten home yet. |
What are the て-form helper verbs at N4?
These patterns add a second verb after the て-form to change the meaning: trying, preparing, finishing (or regretting), leaving something in a state, and moving through time or space. If you need a refresher on building the て-form, see our Japanese te-form guide.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜てみる | try (doing) ~ (do) and see what it is like | この 靴、履いてみても いいですか。 May I try on these shoes? |
| 〜ておく | do ~ in advance / do ~ and leave it that way | 友達が 来る 前に、部屋を 掃除しておきます。 I'll clean my room before my friend comes. |
| 〜てしまう | (do) completely / end up (doing), often with regret | 財布を 家に 忘れてきてしまいました。 I ended up leaving my wallet at home. |
| 〜てある | (something) has been done and stays that way (on purpose) | 壁に 地図が 貼ってあります。 A map has been put up on the wall. |
| 〜ていく／〜てくる | (do) and go / (do) and come back / change from now on / change up to now | ちょっと 牛乳を 買ってきます。 I'll just go buy some milk. |
How do giving and receiving verbs work?
あげる, くれる and もらう depend on direction. あげる is giving away from you, くれる is someone giving to you or your group, and もらう is you receiving. After a て-form, the same verbs describe doing favors. いただく, くださる and さしあげる are the polite versions for people above you.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜てあげる | (do) for (someone) / do a favor for someone | 弟に 宿題を 教えてあげました。 I helped my younger brother with his homework. |
| 〜てくれる | (someone) does ~ for me / for us | 父が 駅まで 車で 迎えに 来てくれました。 My father came to pick me up at the station by car. |
| 〜てもらう | have (someone) do ~ for me / get (someone) to do ~ | 姉に 髪を 切ってもらいました。 I had my older sister cut my hair. |
| 〜をくれる | (someone) gives ~ to me / to us | 誕生日に 祖母が 時計を くれました。 My grandmother gave me a watch for my birthday. |
| 〜をやる | give ~ (to an animal, a plant, or a younger family member) | 毎朝、犬に ご飯を やります。 I feed the dog every morning. |
| 〜ていただく／〜てくださる／〜てさしあげる | (someone above me) kindly does ~ for me / I do ~ for (someone above me) | 部長が 駅まで 車で 送って くださいました。 The department head kindly drove me to the station. |
How do you make polite requests and give advice?
These patterns let you ask for help with different levels of politeness, say what you want someone else to do, and suggest what someone should do.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜ていただけませんか | could you please (do) ~? (very polite request) | すみません、もう 一度 言っていただけませんか。 Excuse me, could you please say that once more? |
| 〜てくれませんか | would you (do) ~ for me? (polite request) | ちょっと この 箱を 持ってくれませんか。 Would you hold this box for a moment? |
| 〜てほしい | want (someone) to (do) | 子供には 外で たくさん 遊んでほしいです。 I want my children to play outside a lot. |
| 〜たらどうですか | why don't you (do) ~? / how about (doing) ~? (suggestion) | 疲れているみたいですね。少し 休んだら どうですか。 You seem tired. Why don't you rest a bit? |
| 〜たほうがいい／〜ないほうがいい | you'd better (do) / you'd better not (do) | 風邪の 時は、温かい ものを 飲んだ ほうがいいですよ。 When you have a cold, it's best to drink something warm. |
| 〜ばいい／〜たらいい | should ~ / all you have to do is ~ / what should I ~? (asking for or giving advice) | この 紙は どこに 出せば いいですか。 Where should I hand in this form? |
What are the four conditionals in Japanese?
N4 introduces four ways to say "if" or "when," plus "even if." They overlap, but each has its own feel. たら is the most flexible. ば focuses on the condition needed for a result. と is for things that always or naturally happen. なら picks up on what someone just said.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜たら | if ~ / when ~ (once ~ happens) | 駅に 着いたら、電話して ください。 Please call me when you get to the station. |
| 〜ば | if ~ (the condition needed for a result) | この 薬を 飲めば、すぐ 治りますよ。 If you take this medicine, you'll get better soon. |
| 〜と (whenever, if) | when(ever) ~ / if ~ (then something naturally happens) | この ボタンを 押すと、切符が 出ます。 When you press this button, a ticket comes out. |
| 〜なら | if ~ (as you say) / if it's ~ (you're talking about) | 京都へ 行くなら、秋が いいですよ。 If you're going to Kyoto, autumn is a good time. |
| 〜ても | even if ~ / even though ~ | 雨が 降っても、試合は あります。 Even if it rains, the game will still be held. |
How do you give reasons, contrasts and purposes?
N5 gave you から for "because." N4 adds the softer ので, the surprised or frustrated のに, and ways to list reasons, give negative reasons and talk about purpose. Note that のに appears twice: once meaning "even though," and once meaning "for (doing)."
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜ので | because / since (a soft, polite reason) | 頭が 痛いので、今日は 早く 帰ってもいいですか。 I have a headache, so may I go home early today? |
| 〜のに | even though / although (with surprise or frustration) | 薬を 飲んだのに、まだ 熱が 下がりません。 I took medicine, but my fever still hasn't gone down. |
| 〜し、〜し | and also / and what is more (listing reasons) | この 店は 安いし、料理も おいしいし、よく 来ます。 This restaurant is cheap and the food is good, so I come here often. |
| 〜て／〜で (reason) | because ~ / ~, so ~ (a cause leading to a feeling or result) | 試合に 負けて、本当に 残念でした。 We lost the match, which was a real shame. |
| 〜なくて | not ~, so ~ (a negative reason) | 漢字が 読めなくて、困りました。 I couldn't read the kanji, so I was stuck. |
| 〜ために | in order to / for (the sake of) | 日本の 大学に 入るために、毎日 日本語を 勉強しています。 I'm studying Japanese every day in order to get into a Japanese university. |
| 〜のに (for doing) | for (doing) / in doing (with use, need, time, or cost) | この 箱は 写真を 入れるのに 便利です。 This box is handy for keeping photos in. |
How do you talk about timing and how actions happen?
These patterns describe two actions at once, things that happen within a time window, doing something without doing something else, and exactly where you are in an action: about to start, in the middle, or just finished.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜ながら | while (doing) / doing two things at the same time | 音楽を 聞きながら、宿題を します。 I do my homework while listening to music. |
| 〜あいだ／〜あいだに | while / during (the whole time) / at some point during | 母が 料理を 作っている 間、私は ずっと テレビを 見ていました。 While my mother was cooking, I watched TV the whole time. |
| 〜うちに | while (it is still ~) / before (something changes) | 若いうちに、いろいろな 国へ 行ってみたいです。 I want to visit lots of countries while I'm still young. |
| 〜まま | as it is / leaving (something) unchanged | 昨日は 窓を 開けたまま 寝ました。 Last night I went to sleep with the window open. |
| 〜ないで | without (doing) / instead of (doing) | 今朝は 何も 食べないで 学校へ 来ました。 This morning I came to school without eating anything. |
| 〜ずに | without (doing) (more formal than 〜ないで) | 辞書を 使わずに、この 文章を 読みました。 I read this passage without using a dictionary. |
| 〜ところだ | be about to / be in the middle of / have just (done) | これから 出かけるところです。 I'm just about to head out. |
| 〜たばかりだ | have just (done) / not long ago | 先月 日本に 来たばかりなので、まだ 日本語が 下手です。 I just came to Japan last month, so my Japanese is still poor. |
| 〜はじめる／〜おわる／〜つづける | start ~ing / finish ~ing / keep ~ing | 急に 雨が 降り始めました。 It suddenly started to rain. |
How do the passive and causative work?
The passive (be done by), the causative (make or let someone do) and the causative-passive (be made to do) are some of the biggest new forms at N4. Japanese also uses a "suffering passive" when something happens that affects you badly, such as getting caught in the rain.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜れる／〜られる (passive) | be (done) by someone | 私は 先生に 褒められました。 I was praised by my teacher. |
| 〜れる／〜られる (suffering passive) | have (something) done to one / be troubled by an action | 昨日、帰る 途中で 雨に 降られました。 Yesterday I got caught in the rain on my way home. |
| 〜せる／〜させる (causative) | make / let (someone) do | 母は 弟に 野菜を 食べさせました。 My mother made my younger brother eat his vegetables. |
| 〜せられる／〜させられる (causative-passive) | be made to (do) (against one's will) | 子供のころ、母に 毎日 ピアノを 練習させられました。 When I was a child, my mother made me practice the piano every day. |
| 〜させてください | please let me (do) | 疲れたので、少し 休ませてください。 I'm tired, so please let me rest for a bit. |
How do you give commands and casual rules?
These are the direct forms you'll hear from parents, coaches, signs and friends. They're too blunt for most polite situations, but they come up in the listening section and in manga and dramas. 〜なくちゃ and 〜ちゃいけない are casual versions of N5's 〜なければなりません and 〜てはいけません.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 命令形 (〜ろ／〜え) | Do ~! (blunt command) | 危ない！早く 逃げろ！ Watch out! Get away, quick! |
| 〜な (prohibition) | Don't ~! (blunt prohibition) | この 池で 泳ぐな。危ないぞ。 Don't swim in this pond. It's dangerous. |
| 〜なさい | Do ~ (instruction from a parent or teacher) | もう 十時よ。早く 寝なさい。 It's already ten o'clock. Go to bed now. |
| 〜なくちゃ／〜なきゃ | have to / must (casual) | もう 八時だ。早く 行かなくちゃ。 It's already eight. I've got to go. |
| 〜ちゃいけない／〜じゃいけない | must not (casual) | 道で 遊んじゃいけないよ。車が 来るから。 You mustn't play in the street. Cars come by. |
What keigo do you need for JLPT N4?
Keigo has two sides. Honorific language (尊敬語) raises the person doing the action, such as a teacher or customer. Humble language (謙譲語) lowers your own actions toward them. At N4, you'll mostly need to recognize these forms in shop, office and phone conversations.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 尊敬語 (いらっしゃる・めしあがる) | honorific verbs: special verbs that show respect for the person doing the action | 部長は 来週 大阪へ いらっしゃいます。 The department head is going to Osaka next week. |
| お〜になる | (someone you respect) does ~ (honorific) | 先生は もう お帰りになりました。 The teacher has already gone home. |
| 謙譲語 (まいる・いたす) | humble verbs: special verbs that lower the speaker's own actions | 会議室まで 私が ご案内いたします。 I'll show you to the meeting room. |
| お〜する | I (humbly) do ~ (for you) | 重そうですね。お持ちしましょうか。 That looks heavy. Shall I carry it for you? |
| 〜でございます | is / am / are (very polite form of です) | お手洗いは 二階でございます。 The restroom is on the second floor. |
How do you make new words from verbs and adjectives?
These patterns attach to a verb stem or an adjective to make a new word: easy to do, too much, the way of doing, or a noun like "height." They're common in both grammar and vocabulary questions.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜やすい／〜にくい | easy to ~ / hard to ~ | この ペンは 軽くて 書きやすいです。 This pen is light and easy to write with. |
| 〜すぎる | too (much) / over-(do) | 昨日は お酒を 飲みすぎました。 I drank too much yesterday. |
| 〜かた | how to ~ / the way of ~ing | この 料理の 作り方を 教えてください。 Please show me how to make this dish. |
| 〜さ | -ness / turns an adjective into a noun | この 山の 高さは どのぐらいですか。 How tall is this mountain? |
| 〜くする／〜にする | make (something) ~ / change (something) to ~ | テレビの 音を 少し 小さくしてください。 Please turn the TV down a little. |
| 〜こと | the act of ~ing / turns a verb phrase into a noun | 私の 趣味は 写真を 撮ることです。 My hobby is taking photos. |
Other N4 patterns: amounts, examples and topics
The last group covers stressing amounts, giving examples, soft suggestions, "anyone" and "anything," and a few useful set phrases.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜しか〜ない (with verbs and counters) | only (and not enough) / no choice but to | 財布に 五百円しか ありません。 I only have 500 yen in my wallet. |
| 〜ばかり | nothing but / only / always (doing) | 弟は 毎日 ゲームばかり しています。 My younger brother does nothing but play games every day. |
| Number ＋ も (as many as) | as many as / as much as (stressing a large amount) | この 本は 三千円も しました。 This book cost as much as 3,000 yen. |
| 〜ずつ | ~ each / ~ at a time | クッキーは 一人 二つずつ 取ってね。 Take two cookies each, okay? |
| 〜とか〜とか | ~ and ~, things like ~ (giving examples, casual) | 週末は 料理とか 洗濯とかで 忙しいです。 On weekends I'm busy with things like cooking and laundry. |
| 〜でも (お茶でも) | ~ or something / ~ for example (a soft, casual suggestion) | 少し 休みませんか。コーヒーでも 買って きます。 Why don't we take a short break? I'll go get some coffee or something. |
| いつでも／だれでも／なんでも／どこでも | any time / anyone / anything / anywhere (every choice is fine) | 困った ことが あったら、いつでも 連絡して ください。 If you ever have a problem, contact me any time. |
| 〜のような／〜みたいな | like ~ / such as ~ (describing a noun by comparing it to something) | 東京のような 大きい 町に 住みたいです。 I want to live in a big city like Tokyo. |
| 〜について | about / concerning | 日本の 歴史について レポートを 書きました。 I wrote a report on Japanese history. |
| 〜がする (音・におい・味) | (a sound, smell or taste) is noticed / I can hear / smell / taste ~ | 台所から カレーの いい においが します。 There's a nice smell of curry coming from the kitchen. |
| 〜ことがある | sometimes (does) / there are times when ~ | 朝は 電車が 遅れることがあります。 The trains are sometimes late in the morning. |
How should you study N4 grammar?
- Learn the new verb forms first. Potential, volitional, ば, passive and causative forms underlie many other patterns on this page. Practice making them for verbs from all three groups until it's quick.
- Study similar patterns side by side. Compare the four conditionals, the three "seems" patterns (そうだ, ようだ, らしい) and the giving verbs together. Most N4 grammar questions test these contrasts.
- Keep one example per pattern. A sentence you remember is easier to recall on test day than a rule. The examples above are a good starting set.
- Pace yourself. About five new patterns a day with regular review covers this whole list in three to four weeks. Our JLPT study plan shows how to fit grammar into a weekly routine.
- Practice in the exam format. N4 grammar questions ask you to choose the right form, put sentence pieces in order and fill gaps in a short passage. See the JLPT test format guide for each question type, and check the official JLPT website for current timing.
- Listen for casual speech. Patterns like 〜って, 〜なきゃ and 〜ちゃいけない are much more common in conversations than in writing, so the listening section is where you'll meet them.
What are common N4 grammar mistakes?
- Mixing up the two そうだ patterns. ✓ 雨が 降りそうです (it looks like rain) vs. ✓ 雨が 降るそうです (I hear it will rain). Also, いい becomes よさそう, not いそう.
- Getting the giving direction wrong. When someone gives to you, use くれる: ✗ 友達が 私に 本を あげました → ✓ 友達が 本を くれました.
- Using と for a request or plan. と can't end in a request, invitation or intention. ✗ 駅に 着くと、電話してください → ✓ 駅に 着いたら、電話してください.
- Forming the ば form of い-adjectives wrong. Drop い and add ければ: ✗ 安いれば → ✓ 安ければ.
- Forgetting な before ので and のに. After nouns and な-adjectives, use なので and なのに: ✗ 試験だので → ✓ 試験なので.
- Confusing ようになる and ようにする. ようになる is a change that happens over time (I became able to swim). ようにする is an effort you make (I try to eat vegetables).
- Using honorific verbs for yourself. Keigo for others never describes your own actions: ✗ 明日 そちらへ いらっしゃいます → ✓ 明日 そちらへ 参ります.
Frequently asked questions
How many grammar points are on the JLPT N4?
There's no official number, because the JLPT hasn't published grammar lists since the test was revised in 2010. Lists vary a lot, since some split one pattern into several entries and others combine them. The Kantan JLPT N4 set has 99 patterns.
Is N4 grammar harder than N5?
Yes, a bit. There are more verb forms to learn, and many patterns differ only in nuance, such as the four conditionals. But N4 grammar is still everyday Japanese, and each new form follows clear rules once you know the verb groups.
How long does it take to learn N4 grammar?
At about five patterns a day with review, most learners get through this list in three to four weeks. Being able to use the patterns comfortably, especially in listening, takes longer and comes with practice.
Do I need to know keigo for the N4?
You need to recognize the common honorific and humble forms, like いらっしゃる, 参る and お〜になる, and understand who is doing what. Using keigo fluently isn't expected at this level.
What comes after N4 grammar?
N3 grammar builds on everything here and adds many set expressions used in longer texts. Our JLPT N3 grammar list is the next step. If particles still trip you up, our guide to Japanese particles is a good review before moving on.
Study N4 grammar in Kantan JLPT
This list comes from the N4 grammar set in Kantan JLPT. In the app, each pattern comes with its formation, notes and several example sentences, and fill-in-the-blank reviews bring back the ones you miss until they stick. For how N4 fits into the full path to N1, see the Japanese grammar guide.